Fungus Nails

Fungus nails are usually caused by the growth of fungi called dermatophytes (such as Candida) though they may also be the result of yeast or mold development as well. These microscopic organisms enter the skin through miniscule cuts or abrasions between the nail and the nail bed, and they require continuously warm and moist environments in order to survive and spread. This is why fungus more often occurs in the toenails than the fingernails; enclosed, damp shoes that maintain heat are a perfect environment for this type of infection to occur, not to mention that there is often more blood flow to the fingers than toes.

When fungus develops in the nails they often become thick and brittle and begin to crumble. They may also appear ragged and discolored and may separate from the nail-bed itself. Pain or discomfort is often felt in the fingertips and a mildly foul odor may be present as well. It is also possible for a sufferer to have a reaction to the fungus; this often occurs in the form of red, itchy patches of skin or ulcerations called dermatophtids and this reaction may develop on other parts of the body, not just the hands or feet.

While the physical symptoms of fungus nails are fairly evident doctors will often take a nail scraping in order to perform a fungal culture or potassium hydroxide (KOH) smear. It’s important to confirm that the nail infection is in fact fungus and not another skin condition such as psoriasis, lichen planus, dermatitis, eczema, or a nail bed tumour.

Fungal infections of the nail occur more frequently in men and in the elderly. Other factors that increase the risk of developing fungus nails include poor blood circulation, having diabetes, psoriasis, athlete’s foot, or an immune disorder, having a damaged or injured nail or nail-bed, humid work environments, walking barefoot in public places such as pools, gyms, and shower stalls, and wearing socks and shoes that do not allow for proper ventilation.

Nail fungus can be difficult to treat and may require the use of topical creams and oral medications, and it can up to four months before the infected nail has grown out and been replaced with a healthier, new nail. Topical creams often help with discomfort but will not likely cure the infection. In severe cases the entire nail may be removed to allow for healthier re-growth.

The risk of developing fungus nails can be reduced by keeping the nails short and clean; socks and shoes should be clean and dry at all times and antifungal sprays and powders will add an extra layer of protection as well. Sandals or shoes should also be worn in all public areas, especially pools and gym locker rooms. To protect the hands rubber gloves should be worn when exposed to water and moisture, picking or biting the nails should be avoided and manicure and pedicure tools should be properly sterilized before being used.

It’s also important to note that if an infection is already present it’s important to wash hands thoroughly after treating the infected areas as fungus nails can spread from one nail to another. 

Suzy Pickhall, who has got been a foot care expert for more many years has written a functional guide on how to combat Foot Pain in Ball of Foot , and Insoles and Shoe Inserts.